High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a critical condition to monitor, especially during pregnancy. Around 10% of pregnant women develop hypertension, which can lead to complications if not managed properly. Collaborating with your healthcare provider to manage and evaluate your blood pressure is key to ensuring both your health and your baby’s well-being.

What You Need to Know About Hypertension in Pregnancy

Blood pressure is measured by two numbers: systolic (the top number) and diastolic (the bottom number). In pregnancy, high blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.

There are different types of hypertension related to pregnancy:

• Chronic Hypertension: If you have high blood pressure before pregnancy or develop it before 20 weeks, it’s considered chronic. Medication adjustments are often made during pregnancy for safety.
• Gestational Hypertension: This condition arises after 20 weeks of pregnancy and doesn’t involve protein in the urine or organ damage. However, it can evolve into preeclampsia.
• Preeclampsia: A more serious condition where organ damage may occur, including symptoms like swelling, sudden weight gain, headaches, and vision changes.

The Importance of Blood Pressure Monitoring

It’s essential to monitor your blood pressure regularly during pregnancy. Frequent checks allow for timely intervention if readings rise. If you have chronic hypertension and plan to get pregnant, discuss a management plan with your doctor before conception. Tracking your blood pressure at home can provide valuable information for your healthcare team.

Risk Factors for Hypertension in Pregnancy

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing hypertension while pregnant. These include:

• Having high blood pressure before pregnancy
• Being overweight or obese
• Carrying multiple babies
• Having diabetes, kidney disease, or autoimmune disorders
• Being over 40 years old
• A personal or family history of preeclampsia

If you fall into any of these categories, your doctor will monitor you more closely during pregnancy.

Potential Risks of High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to several complications:

• Reduced blood flow to the placenta, which can affect oxygen and nutrient supply to the baby, potentially slowing growth
• Placental abruption, where the placenta detaches early from the uterus
• Preterm birth
• Long-term heart issues for the mother
• Seizures or eclampsia
• Damage to organs like the kidneys, liver, brain, eyes, and lungs

Managing your blood pressure is crucial for avoiding these serious risks.

Treatment Options for Hypertension During Pregnancy

The goal is to keep blood pressure levels stable, whether you already have elevated pressure or develop it during pregnancy.

• Medications: Your doctor may prescribe medications that are safe during pregnancy, such as labetalol, nifedipine, or methyldopa. Magnesium sulfate injections may also be used to prevent seizures if you develop preeclampsia.
• Lifestyle Adjustments:
  • Limit Salt: Reducing sodium intake can help manage fluid retention and blood pressure.
  • Supplements: Calcium and omega fatty acids may offer slight reductions in blood pressure.
  • Exercise: Moderate physical activity can be beneficial if approved by your doctor.
  • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight before pregnancy can help manage blood pressure.
  • Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques like meditation to reduce stress levels.
• Aspirin: If you’re at high risk for preeclampsia, your doctor may recommend low-dose aspirin, typically starting before the end of the first trimester.

Making Delivery Decisions

If your condition worsens, your OB provider may decide that early delivery is necessary. In some cases, steroid injections are given to help with the baby’s lung development if premature birth is imminent. Despite hypertension, breastfeeding is generally safe, but consult your pediatrician and OB about any medications you’re taking.

What You Can Do to Support Your Care

While your healthcare provider plays a key role, there are several ways you can actively manage hypertension during pregnancy:

• Regular OB Visits: Attending every prenatal checkup is essential for monitoring your blood pressure and overall health. Inform your OB about any symptoms or concerns you have.
• Communicate Concerns: Be honest about any challenges you’re facing, whether it’s managing medications, the cost of treatment, or concerns about the long-term risks of hypertension. This will help your doctor adjust your care plan as needed.
• Educate Yourself: Make sure you understand your condition fully. Read up on high blood pressure during pregnancy and attend prenatal classes to learn about the latest research. Avoid making changes based on unverified internet sources without discussing them with your doctor.
• Track Your Blood Pressure: Using a home blood pressure monitor helps you keep accurate records of your readings. This data can provide valuable insights for your doctor to adjust your treatment.
• Provide Feedback: Keep your OB informed about how you’re feeling with your treatment, including how you’re managing medications and any changes you notice in your blood pressure. This will help your doctor fine-tune your plan for better outcomes.
• Stay Proactive: Take an active role in managing your hypertension by learning about the condition and sticking to your treatment plan. Your involvement is crucial to ensuring a healthy pregnancy for both you and your baby.